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The standard operating procedures (SOP) for the use of snow pickets were developed in maritime snow. The conditions created by continental snows differ greatly and require that the standards be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SOP for the use of snow pickets as anchors and make recommendations for safer snow anchor systems that utilize snow pickets. We tested pickets in a variety of anchor systems according...
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The common AMPK-activating diabetes drug Metformin has received considerable attention from the research community as a potential apoptosis causing agent for certain breast, prostate, pancreatic and colon cancers. Upon Metformin's activation of the cell's chief energy sensing factor, AMPK, many downstream pathways elicit apoptosis-favoring responses. In this study the goal was to investigate the relative contribution of AMPK's inhibition of the inflammatory...
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Based on observations from seven measured stratigraphic sections and 230 thin sections over 37.3 kilometers, we recognize two sequences that encompass six parasquences and six distinct facies. The facies include bioturbated peloidal packstones, containing ostracods, rare occurrences of planar laminations, plane tabular cross bedding, microbial laminations and fine grain silt and sand. This facies is inferred to have been deposited in a semi-restricted...
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Sudden aspen decline (SAD) has become a recognizable issue among aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands on the Colorado Plateau and throughout the Western US, and Canada. Increasing temperatures coupled with drought in the early twenty-first century predisposed aspens to SAD and caused a loss of aspen overstory cover and inhibited aspen regeneration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts global temperatures to continue to increase 0.2°C...
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Polycystic Ovary syndrome is a disorder associated with numerous clinical, endocrine and metabolic complications, such as menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. The relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance is a highly studied aspect of PCOS, and, a current target for treatment. High levels of testosterone interfere with the insulin receptor and its substrates to compromise a cell's ability to translocate...
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In an endeavor to master Largo al Factotum from Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Gioachino Rossini, a post-capstone continuation of my voice instruction and technical development, I was faced with many challenges despite a vast amount of familiarity with this art form. Being an extroverted and even boisterous person with a booming voice and a tendency to overblow my sound, I found that I would quite frequently hurt my vocal cords resulting in over-exhaustion,...
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We will discuss numerical ranges of matrices, primarily focusing on the shapes they can take. We will present an in depth proof of the Elliptical Range Theorem, the Toeplitz-Hausdorff Theorem and several others. We are particularly interested in normal and almost normal matrices. Much of our research came from papers written by Rudolf Kippenhahn, Chi-Kwong Li, Karl Gustafson, Tyler Moran and Ilya Spikovsky.
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In this project I interpret how the ideas of gender performativity and compulsory heterosexuality can inform our understanding of college hook-up culture. I focus on the following questions: How do we use these hetero-gendered roles to make meaning of our experiences in hook-up culture? To what extent does the dominance of this script limit our ability to imagine alternatives to the hook-up? Through this analysis we can begin to address the problematic...
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In recent years, heritage sites all over the world have come under threat of destruction. From Afghanistan's Bamiyan Buddhas to Cornwall's 15th-century church, St. Stephen-by-Saltash, few heritage sites seem to be immune to the turmoil of our world. As a result of this sad fact, communities worldwide are facing the loss of cultural history brought about by the destruction of sites that have united them for years behind a shared sense of pride, identity,...
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The State of New Mexico established a water law system based on Prior Appropriation in 1848 through the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This allocation system conflicted with the then current system of Equitable Apportionment. In 1907, the Acequia Act, which created unique bylaws for the Spanish acequia communities, helped to reduce the conflict. Acequias are gravity fed irrigation ditches used primarily by the Spanish population of Northern...
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A variety of field concussion tests have been developed to assess the athlete's ability to return-to-play following a concussion. It has been suggested that fatigue and environment may affect the results of these clinical tests. To measure the affect of environment and fatigue on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) among collegiate football, women's soccer, and men's soccer athletes. This study...
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Histones and chromatin structure are vital for regulating gene transcription. Through previous work, a glycine to alanine mutation at position 13 (G13A) of the histone H4 tail was found to increase silencing of the yeast ADE2 gene, resulting in a red phenotype. Interestingly, this mutant was found to be able to "escape" this repression and become phenotypically white. The red and white phenotypes of the G13A mutant are being characterized in an attempt...
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Migratory ungulates, such as Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) occupy a "keystone" ecosystem role, often defining terrestrial processes (Houston 1982; Sinclair 2003). Because of their critical ecosystem role, concern for the changing behavior in the elk's migratory habits is mounting (Schaller 1988; Berger 2004; Johnson et al. 2005). Often this change in behavior can be attributed to human encroachment. Human development and activities have caused...
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The binary star Algol is one of the most famous eclipsing binary stars in our night sky. Algol is useful because of its clockwork dimming every 2.87 days. This creates a frequent opportunity collect data using UBVRI filters during the primary eclipse, secondary eclipse, and non-eclipsing phases. Using the blackbody formula, a theoretical model of the number of counts for each filter and phase was created. When compared with the observed number of...
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Eolian and hydrologic dispersal of mine tailings is highly destructive to the health of surrounding ecosystems, watersheds, and subsequent local populations. The objective of the study was to examine cost effective methods to reclaim these increasingly common mining wastes in a manner which moves through productive stages while building towards a state of climax or historic ecological communities. Using soils collected from mine tailings local to...
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The purpose of this study was to examine EMG activity in the quadriceps at varying speeds when different weights are used as resistance. The two hypotheses tested state that there will be no difference in the EMG readings between tests of constant velocity when the resistance due to increased mass is high versus when the resistance is at a low level of mass and that there will be no difference in EMG readings or torque exhibited at each velocity....
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In some semi-arid regions, including the Rocky Mountains of western Colorado, climate change is predicted to cause a decrease in annual precipitation and increased temperatures. Climatic variations, including soil moisture availability, could have adverse effects on plant and pollinator communities. During the summer 2013 at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, I investigated the effects of soil moisture availability on nectar...
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The translation of the Human T-cell Lymphoma Virus Type-I (HTLV-1) pol gene is dependent on a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift. The HTLV-1 frameshift site consists of a heptanucleotide slippery sequence (UUUAAAC) followed by a spacer region and a downstream pseudoknot. During translation, the pseudoknot is thought to pause the ribosome over the slippery sequence. At that time, the tRNAs can repair in the -1 reading frame. This study focuses on investigating...
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Ribosomal frameshifting is defined as a shift in reading frame. During translation, a ribosomal frameshift (FS) can occur when the ribosome encounters a slippery sequence followed by a stable secondary structure. A slippery sequence specifically allows for the opportunity for tRNA repainring with the codons in the A- and P- sites of the ribosome. Retroviruses include programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) sites within their RNA, which increase viral...
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The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most recognizable pieces of environmental policy. Despite the Act's widespread reach, many species are still facing the threat of extinction, particularly due to development. One out of every three endangered species in the United States faces extinction due to urban development. This project examines the Florida panther (Puma concolor), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Navasota ladies tresses...
